Referred to 9-judge bench whether proportionality review of legislative classifications forms part of the basic structure doctrine. Coram: CJI Sanjiv Khanna; JJ. Trivedi, Misra, Sen, Kaul.

Expanded anticipatory bail jurisprudence; "reasonable, proximate, and objectively verifiable" apprehension required. Overruled earlier decisions requiring named-suspect status.

Directed the Central Government to constitute a permanent statutory body for regulation of medical post-graduate admissions within 12 weeks, holding the current NMC framework ultra vires to the extent it excludes judicial oversight of seat allocation.